AG3 DAY 01 NOTES

Objectives
- to learn how to use gerunds

what is the difference between time and tense?
Time is lineal for human beings. There is only past, present, and future.
A tense is a grammatical structure. For example: present perfect. This  tense has form and function (meaning)
Form --    S      have/has pas participle vf     C

A verb form
base past past particple present part 3rd person sing
go went gone going goes


Is the gerund a verb form?
A gerund is a noun. We turn the verb into a noun.

It can be the subject, the direct object, the indirect object, the object of a preposition, etc.

What do you call this sport that you practice in the water?
Swimming
swim
Swimming is good.
I like swimming in the beach.
I am good at swimming.

Swimming is a sport.

Gerund as a subject complement
One healthy sport is swimming.  (usually with linking verbs)
Gerund as an object complement
I like swimming in the beach.

Swimming in a pool is good.
Swimming in a pool at night is good.
Swimming with your friends in a pool at night is good.

I value honesty because I consider that it is important in friendship. For example: It is good that your friend always tells you the truth even when you are wrong.
My friends are different. I have friends that are my confidants. I also have party friends. I have friends I only play soccer with.

Exercise 1

1.d 2.f 3.g
4.e 5.a 6.c
7.h 8.b


1. convenience
2. kajaking
3. contacting
4. age
5. writer
6. socializing
7. honest
8. listened

Exercise 2

PART A
1. doing
2. vegetating
3. worrying
4. not having
5. working
6. making
7. socialize    --    socializing
8. have  -- having
9. meeting
10. working
11. playing
12. collecting
13. singing
14. not singing
15. singing
16. orienteering

PART B
1. his giving
2. Bob's helping
3. My boss's criticizing
4. 4. Her living
5. Mary's advising
6. my becoming
7. their being
8. our getting

Exercise 3

1. having met
2. seeing
3. having enrolled
4. assigning
5. arguing
6. having said
7. studying
8. helping
9. passing
10. having told